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Stone Age (पाषाणकाल): A Complete Note

प्रागैतिहासिक काल I. पाषाणकाल: पृष्ठभूमि: मानव इतिहास भू-वैज्ञानिक इतिहास का एक अंश मात्र है। भू-वैज्ञानिक इतिहास की चौथी अवस्था चातुर्थिकी कहलाती है जिसके दो भाग हैं- अतिनूतन और अद्यतन। भारतीय परिप्रेक्ष्य में पाषाणयुग अतिनूतन काल में प्रारंभ होकर 2500 ईसा पूर्व तक (प्रायद्वीपीय भारत में 1000 ईसा पूर्व तक) माना जाता है। वस्तुतः पत्थरों के उपकरणों के प्रयोग के आधार पर इसे पाषाणयुग कहा जाता है। काल विभाजन: जलवायवीय परिवर्तनों, जीवन शैली के स्वरुप तथा पाषाण तकनीक में परिवर्तन के आधार पर पाषाणयुग को पुरा-पाषाणकाल (10 लाख ईसा पूर्व से 10000 ईसा पूर्व), मध्य-पाषाणकाल (10000 ईसा पूर्व से 6000-4000 ईसा पूर्व) तथा नव-पाषाणकाल (6000-2500 ईसा पूर्व) में विभाजित किया जाता है। A. पुरा- पाषाणकाल: पृष्ठभूमि - पाषाणकाल की प्रारंभिक अवस्था में जब मानव आखेटक तथा खाद्य-संग्राहक की भूमिका का निर्वाह करते हुए जीवन-यापन कर रहा था, उसे पुरा-पाषाणकाल की संज्ञा दी जाती है। भारतीय परिप्रेक्ष्य में पुरा-पाषाणकाल का काल खंड 10 लाख ईसा-पूर्व से 10000 ईसा-पूर्व तक माना जाता है तथा इसकी खोज का श्रेय रोबर्ट ब्रुशफ...

Tintern Abbey by Wordsworth: A Short Note

Tintern Abbey is a beautiful poem by Wordsworth . It is his representative poem. It deals with poet’s attitude towards Nature . It shows Wordsworth’s spiritual development. This poem occupies the last place in the Lyrical Ballads . In this poem the poet talks about his second journey to the Wye Valley . It was July 1798. His sister named Dorothy was with the poet. It was a wonderful place. It was very delightful and charming. The poet was so impressed by the beauty of that place that he composed this memorable poem. Tintern Abbey has been divided into three parts. The first part of the poem deals with the charming beauty of the Wye Valley. Mountains, river, gardens, hedge rows and rising smoke have been taken to present. These natural elements find praiseworthy description in this poem. The second part of this piece of art describes the various stages of poet’s approach to Nature. The third part is addressed to poet’s sister named Dorothy. Here the poet says to her that nature ...

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost: A Complete Study

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening : Robert Frost Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. Notes and Exercises: About Robert Frost: Robert Frost is one of the greatest of American poets. He received more honours than any other contemporary literary figure in America. Four times he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for poetry . He was given honorary degrees by more than forty colleges and universities. Frost has won worldwide fame and recognition as a poet. The first thing that strikes the eye i...

National Education by Gandhi: Objective Type Questions & Answers

1. When was Gandhi born?a. 1867b. 1868 c. 1869 d. 1870 Ans: c. 1869 2. Where was Gandhi born? a. Porbandar b. Champaran c. Vardha d. Rajgir Ans: a. Porbandar 3. Gandhiji is popular as: a. Guru. b. Netaji c. Iron Man d. Mahatma Ans: d. Mahatma 4. Who called Gandhiji as Mahatma? a. Nehru b. Patel c. Subhash d. Tagore Ans: d. Tagore 5. Who is known spiritual guru of M.K. Gandhi? a. Raja Ram Mohan Roy b. Tilak c. Leo Tolstoy d. Gorky Ans: c. Leo Tolstoy 6. Who is known as the political guru of Gandhiji? a Gokhale b. Tilak c. Tagore d. Leo Tolstoy Ans: a Gokhale 7. What is the name of Gandhi's father? a. Ramdas Gandhi b. Krishna Das Gandhi c. Ravidas Gandhi d. Karamchand Gandhi Ans:d. Karamchand Gandhi 8. What is the name of Gandhi's mother? a. Rambai b. Shyambai c. Putlibai d. Hulsibai Ans: c. Putlibai 9. The name of Gandhi's wife is: a. Kasturba b. Ramkumari c. Lilavati d. Padmini Ans: a. Kasturba 10. When was Gandhi assassinated? a. 1947 b. 1948 c. 1949 d. 1950 Ans: b. 194...

MA IV SEM CCE QUESTIONS - JUNE 2026

Note: Read the instructions carefully: A. Attempt any two questions from each paper. B. Submit four separate answer sheets/ copies (1 copy for each paper). C. Your CCE will comprise both the written and the oral evaluation. D. Submit your CCE copies positively on 2nd July 2026 between 11:30 AM to 2:00 PM in the department of English. Paper I (Critical Theory) 01. What according to Said is ‘Crisis’ in Orientalism ? 02. Write a brief note on Derrida’s major arguments in his essay ‘Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of Human Sciences’. 03. Write a note on Dhwani Theory in detail. 04. Discuss I. A. Richards as a critic. Paper II (English Language) 01. What do you understand by ‘Morphology’? Write short notes on: ‘Morpheme’ and ‘Allomorph’. 02. What do you understand by I.C. Analysis? Give examples. 03. Show your acquaintance with ‘Intonation’. Illustrate your answer with examples. 04. Write short notes on: Syllable, Word Stress and Strong and Weak forms. Paper III (Indian Writing ...