English Literature

Soliloquy is a very powerful dramatic device. It is used to reveal the inner working of character's mind. Through this device the dramatist communicates to the audience the secret thought of a character. Thus a soliloquy is a means of character revelation. It contributes to the development of the plot. There are a number of soliloquies in Shakespeare's Hamlet. Most of them belong to the hero and a few to the villain of the play. In the course of the play Hamlet has seven long soliloquies. The first soliloquy of Hamlet occurs before he has seen the Ghost. Here the young Hamlet reveals the grief that has been crunching his mind. He thinks of his suicide to get rid of this grief. He feels disillusioned with this world. This soliloquy shows the meditative nature of Hamlet: 'How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world!' The second significant soliloquy of Hamlet occurs in Act - I, Scene - V. It comes just after the Ghost leaves him. H...

Abstract:           Indian women novelists in English have made their permanent mark in the field of English fictions. They are being conferred on not only national but international awards also. In most of their writings they have tried their best to free the female mentality from the age long control of male domination. In short, in their novels, the protagonists are mostly women characters desolated and isolated by an entirely sapless, hypocritical and insensitive male domination. Today whatever political, social, cultural and individual awareness we see in women, they are mostly the result of these fiction writers who heralded a new consciousness in the realm of traditional thinking. If this tireless efforts on the part of women for women’s sake go on, the days are not far when they will be equated with men and even far better than men, in all respects, in each and every field. *  *  *  *  *...

Abstract: Drama in India has a grand old history. Tagore, the first major playwright, invested Indian English drama with lyrical excellence, symbolism and allegorical significance. Dramatists like Manjeri Isvaran, Nissim Ezekiel, Lakhan Dev, Gurcharan Das, G.V. Dasani, Pratap Sharma, Asif Currimbhoy, Gieve Patel and Pritish Nandy made significant contribution in uplifting the Indian English drama. Contemporary Indian drama is experimental and innovative in terms of thematic and technical qualities. A cumulative theatrical tradition evolved by Mohan Rakesh, Badal Sircar, Vijay Tendulkar and Girish Karnad, prepared the background of contemporary Indian English theatre. ********** Drama in India has a grand old history. Its origin can be traced back to the Vedic Period. Bharata's Natyasastra is the first and most significant work on Indian poetics and drama. Here Bharata considers drama as the fifth Veda. There are references to drama in Patanjali's Mahabhashya, Vatsyayana'...

Introduction: In Sanskrit literature Maharshi Valmiki is celebrated as the poet harbinger. His reputation as the father of Indian poetry seems to have been legendary. It is he who composed The Ramayana, an ancient Sanskrit epic. It forms an important part of the Hindu canon (Smriti). It deals with divine Lord Ram and his journey of life. It tells the story of Ram, an incarnation of the Hindu preserver-god Vishnu. Thematically, the epic explores the tenets of human existence and the concept of dharma. It is one of the two great epics of India, the other being the Mahabharata. It portrays ideal characters like the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king. Valmiki’s Ramayana is one of the world's most remarkable classics and excels all in its moral appeal. It is full of lessons for all and deserves to be read with interest and profit by all lovers of healthy literature. It is noted for its poetic excellence. It stands equal in rank to the Vedas. It contai...