English Literature

Abstract:           Indian women novelists in English have made their permanent mark in the field of English fictions. They are being conferred on not only national but international awards also. In most of their writings they have tried their best to free the female mentality from the age long control of male domination. In short, in their novels, the protagonists are mostly women characters desolated and isolated by an entirely sapless, hypocritical and insensitive male domination. Today whatever political, social, cultural and individual awareness we see in women, they are mostly the result of these fiction writers who heralded a new consciousness in the realm of traditional thinking. If this tireless efforts on the part of women for women’s sake go on, the days are not far when they will be equated with men and even far better than men, in all respects, in each and every field. *  *  *  *  *...

Abstract: Drama in India has a grand old history. Tagore, the first major playwright, invested Indian English drama with lyrical excellence, symbolism and allegorical significance. Dramatists like Manjeri Isvaran, Nissim Ezekiel, Lakhan Dev, Gurcharan Das, G.V. Dasani, Pratap Sharma, Asif Currimbhoy, Gieve Patel and Pritish Nandy made significant contribution in uplifting the Indian English drama. Contemporary Indian drama is experimental and innovative in terms of thematic and technical qualities. A cumulative theatrical tradition evolved by Mohan Rakesh, Badal Sircar, Vijay Tendulkar and Girish Karnad, prepared the background of contemporary Indian English theatre. ********** Drama in India has a grand old history. Its origin can be traced back to the Vedic Period. Bharata's Natyasastra is the first and most significant work on Indian poetics and drama. Here Bharata considers drama as the fifth Veda. There are references to drama in Patanjali's Mahabhashya, Vatsyayana'...

Introduction: In Sanskrit literature Maharshi Valmiki is celebrated as the poet harbinger. His reputation as the father of Indian poetry seems to have been legendary. It is he who composed The Ramayana, an ancient Sanskrit epic. It forms an important part of the Hindu canon (Smriti). It deals with divine Lord Ram and his journey of life. It tells the story of Ram, an incarnation of the Hindu preserver-god Vishnu. Thematically, the epic explores the tenets of human existence and the concept of dharma. It is one of the two great epics of India, the other being the Mahabharata. It portrays ideal characters like the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king. Valmiki’s Ramayana is one of the world's most remarkable classics and excels all in its moral appeal. It is full of lessons for all and deserves to be read with interest and profit by all lovers of healthy literature. It is noted for its poetic excellence. It stands equal in rank to the Vedas. It contai...

In Sanskrit literature Maharshi Valmiki is celebrated as the poet harbinger. The Uttara Kanda chapter of the Ramayana tells the tale of the poet’s early life, as an unnamed highway robber. One day the robber attempted to rob Narada for the benefit of his family. Narada said to him, ‘Will his family share the sin he is incurring due to the robbery’. The robber replied in the affirmative. Narada suggested him to confirm this with his family. None agreed to bear the burden of his sin. Finally he understood the truth of life and asked for Narada's forgiveness. Narada taught him to worship Lord God. The robber meditated for many years. The ant-hills came to grow around his body. At last, a divine voice declared his penance successful. That voice bestowed him with the name Valmiki, one born out of ant-hills. Valmiki's reputation as the father of Indian poetry seems to have been legendary. In the Buddhacarita Ashvagosha is of the view that the voice of Valmiki uttered poetry which ...